What is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
ASD is a condition that affects how people think, communicate, and interact with the world. It is called a "spectrum" because it affects everyone differently, impacting some extensively while others only slightly. Some people with autism may need little support, while others may require more extensive therapies.
Autism is not a disease. ASD contributes to a different way of thinking and experiencing the world for those diagnosed and with the right care, many people with autism can live happy, successful lives.
Signs and Symptoms of Autism
Every person with autism is different, but there are common signs or categories of symptoms. These fall into two main areas: social communication difficulties and repetitive behaviors or interests.
1. Social Communication Difficulties
Trouble understanding social cues like tone of voice or facial expressions.
Difficulty starting or keeping a conversation going.
Feeling confused or overwhelmed in social situations.
2. Repetitive Behaviors and Interests
Repeating certain actions, like rocking or hand-flapping.
Focusing deeply on specific interests, such as trains, numbers, or technology.
Sensitivity to lights, sounds, or textures, or seeking sensory input like spinning.
3. Difficulty with Change
Preferring routines and struggling when plans change unexpectedly.
Feeling anxious or upset when faced with new situations.
What is PDA Autism?
Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA) is a type of autism in which people avoid demands placed on them, even small ones. They often feel anxious or out of control when asked to do something.
Signs of PDA Autism
Strong need to avoid tasks, even ones they enjoy.
Feeling anxious about following instructions.
Acting social but using behaviors like avoidance or distraction to stay in control.
Emotional meltdowns or shutting down when pressured.
Intense but shifting interests.
How PDA is Different
Unlike other types of autism, PDA is focused on avoiding demands. This behavior comes from anxiety and the need for control. With support, people with PDA can learn strategies to manage their anxiety and feel more in control
How Autism Affects Daily Life
Autism can shape many areas of life, including relationships, work, and mental health.
1. Relationships
Social difficulties may make it hard to build or maintain friendships.
Many people with autism value deep, meaningful connections but need understanding and patience from others.
2. Career
People with autism often excel in structured jobs that match their strengths.
Sensory challenges or workplace dynamics may require special accommodations.
3. Mental Health
Stress from sensory overload or social misunderstandings can affect well-being.
Why an Autism Test is Important
An autism test is the first step toward understanding yourself or your loved one. Testing helps identify strengths and areas where help is needed. If you recognize signs of autism, taking a test can provide answers and guide you to the right care.
Diagnosing autism involves several steps. It usually starts with a screening with a psychiatric provider and may involve detailed evaluations or referrals to a clinical psychologist for complete evaluation.
Step 1: Screening
A psychiatric nurse practitioner or psychiatrist can do an initial autism screening. This involves asking about behaviors, communication, and sensory challenges. Screening tools like the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) are often used.
Step 2: Autism Test and Evaluation
If screening shows signs of autism, a detailed test is next. A clinical psychologist often handles this. Tests include:
ADOS-2 (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule): This checks for communication, social, and behavior patterns.
Interviews to learn about developmental history.
Cognitive tests to understand strengths and challenges.
Step 3: Getting Support
After diagnosis, a tailored treatment plan may be recommended by the clinical psychologist and or the psychiatric nurse practitioner or psychiatrist. Treatment plans may include therapy, medication, or life skills training.
Common Conditions with Autism
Many people with autism also have other mental health challenges. These are called comorbidities. Treating these conditions can improve overall health and quality of life. It may help the individual focus on managing the symptoms of ASD that cannot be managed with medication alone.
1. ADHD
Both autism and ADHD can cause trouble focusing or sitting still.
People with both conditions may need extra help managing time and staying organized.
2. Anxiety
Social anxiety is common in people with autism.
Many also feel general anxiety about the unpredictability of life.
3. Depression
Feelings of isolation or misunderstanding can lead to depression.
Early treatment is important to improve mood and self-esteem.
4. Bipolar Disorder
Some people with autism also experience mood swings linked to bipolar disorder.
A correct diagnosis is key to treating both conditions.
Why Treating Comorbidities is Important
Untreated conditions like anxiety, depression, or ADHD can make life harder for people with autism. Treating these conditions helps:
Reduce stress and improve mood.
Build stronger relationships.
Boost success at school or work.
Famous People with Autism
Many well-known figures have shared their autism diagnoses. Their stories inspire others and show the diversity of the autism spectrum. These examples demonstrate how autism is not a weakness but a different way of thinking that brings unique talents and perspectives to the world.
1. Temple Grandin
Temple Grandin is a scientist and autism advocate. She has revolutionized animal handling systems and shown how autism can be a strength.
2. Anthony Hopkins
The Oscar-winning actor has autism and credits it for his focus and creativity.
3. Dan Aykroyd
The actor and comedian, known for Ghostbusters, has discussed his autism diagnosis. He attributes his attention to detail and creativity to his condition.
4. Satoshi Tajiri
The creator of Pokémon has been open about being on the autism spectrum. He credits his ability to focus intensely and think creatively as key factors in developing the iconic franchise.
How Lucent Psych Can Help
At Lucent Psych in Seattle, Washington, we specialize in helping individuals with autism and related conditions. We offer:
Autism Screenings: We can identify traits of ASD or PDA autism and guide you to further testing.
Comorbidity Management: We treat conditions like ADHD, anxiety, and depression.
Support for Families: We help families understand and support loved ones with autism.
Telehealth Services: Get care from the comfort of your home.
Your Next Steps
If you or someone you know needs help with autism or any other mental health symptom, Lucent Psych is here. Contact us today to schedule an appointment. We’ll guide you toward a better understanding of yourself and your needs to maximize your potential and help you reach your overall relationship, career, and mental health goals.